1. Water is essential to life in part because it is an excellent ___________ of other substances.
a) Solvent
b) Transporter
c) Conductor
d) None
2. Water is sometimes called the universal ___________
a) Solvent
b) Transporter
c) Conductor
d) None
3. Water serves to deliver __________to organisms, especially plants, as well as remove_________.
a) Nutrients & waste products
b) Oxygen & waste products
c) Food & energy
d) All of above
4. The movement of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the land is a fundamental part of earth’s ___________ systems.
a) Biological cycling
b) Water cycle
c) Biogeochemical cycling
d) Natural cycling
5. Water carries __________ to the atmosphere when it evaporates from the ocean surface.
a) Vapors
b) Energy
c) Heat
d) None
6. Water __________ in the atmosphere to form precipitation
a) Evaporates
b) Condenses
c) Rises
d) All of above
7. Humans have dramatically _________ the hydrologic cycle, both locally and globally
a) Altered
b) Preserved
c) Influenced
d) None
8. The alterations in hydrological cycle come from ___________
a) Our use of water for irrigation,
b) Our modification of the earth’s vegetation cover,
c) Our withdrawal of water from rivers, lakes, and subsurface aquifers for domestic and industrial use
d) All of above
9. The two terms ‘Water-quality’ and ‘___________’ are interlinked linked.
a) Water usage
b) Water demand
c) Water-quantity
d) None
10. Water resources are under stress means __________
a) Water supply depletion
b) Water quality degradation
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
11. Surface water includes _____________
a) Liquid water
b) Floating ice above the ground surface, in rivers, swamps, lakes, or ponds
c) Both (a) & (b)
d) None
12. The ____________ is simply the top of the saturated zone in which water fills pore spaces and cracks in rocks or sediments.
a) Water table
b) Water surface
c) Water Aquifer
d) All of above
13. Soil moisture above the water table is not considered part of___________
a) River Water
b) Surface water
c) Ground-water
d) Sea water
14. __________ is derived from downward percolation of rainfall through the soil and in some areas from seepage of surface water
a) Percolated water
b) Groundwater
c) Seepage water
d) Any of them
15. A porous body of material containing groundwater is called an__________
a) Egg shell
b) Aquifer
c) Aqueduct
d) None
16. If the water table is free to rise with additional water, the aquifer is said to be ___________
a) Confined
b) Unconfined
c) Stressed
d) Under pressure
17. _________ are the impermeable layers.
a) Aquiclude
b) Aquifer
c) Aqueduct
d) None
18. Surface water and groundwater flows from __________ elevation
a) Low to high
b) Equal
c) High to low
d) Both (a) & (c)
19. Usually, the shape of the water table approximately __________ the shape of the land
a) Perpendicular
b) Tangent to
c) Diagonal
d) Parallels
20. It is estimated that slightly more than ______ billion people live in water-stressed regions
a) 2.2
b) 2.3
c) 2.4
d) 3.3
21. In mid-latitude climates, low-flow periods usually occur in the ________ because plants are using more water at this time.
a) Summer
b) Winter
c) Rainy Season
d) All of above
22. Water Supply Systems has the following pattern ___________
a) Storage > collection > Transmission > Distribution
b) Collection > Storage > Distribution > Transmission
c) Collection > Transmission > Storage > Distribution
d) Collection > Storage > Transmission > Distribution
23. ________ Storage is accomplished by constructing dams on rivers and impounding water in artificial lakes behind the dams.
a) Surface water
b) Ground water
c) Glacial water
d) None
24. Transportation and distribution systems depends mostly on the factor: _______
a) Distance between collection sites
b) Use area
c) The nature of final use
d) All of above
25. According to ‘Global Water Withdrawals’ Asia has available _______ %
a) 16.4
b) 3.7
c) 14.9
d) 8.0
26. Consumptiveuse is the use of water in such a way that it is not returned to the stream or aquifer; instead, it is returned to the atmosphere by _____________
a) Evapotranspiration
b) Percolation
c) Wind
d) None
27. The ___________ amount of water in deeper aquifers is not economically accessible.
a) 2 million km3
b) 4 million km3
c) 4.5 million km3
d) 4.8 million km3
28. In coastal areas, usually a boundary exists between fresh water and __________ in the ground
a) Salt water
b) Brackish water
c) Green water
d) None
29. A decline in the elevation of the freshwater table causes saltwater __________
a) Extrusion
b) Intrusion
c) Removal
d) None
30. Worldwide, agriculture uses about _______ of total freshwater withdrawals
a) 40 %
b) 60 %
c) 71 %
d) 79 %
31. Irrigation efficiency is defined as the volume of applied water in the __________ that is used by the crop
a) Root zone
b) Stem zone
c) Fruit zone
d) All of above
32. Efficiency of Furrow irrigation is ________
a) 40-50 %
b) 50-60 %
c) 60-80 %
d) None
33. Industry takes the second-largest share of the world’s water withdrawals, about _____
a) 20%
b) 25%
c) 30%
d) 35%
34. Major Water Pollutants
a) Pathogens
b) Oxygen-demanding wastes
c) Plant nutrients
d) Suspended particulates
e) All of above
35. Coliform bacteria live in great numbers in human and animal ___________
a) Liver
b) Kidney
c) Digestive systems
d) None
a) 10 %
b) 25 %
c) 35 %
d) 40 %
37. 5 million per year die of illnesses linked to ___________
a) Unsafe drinking water
b) Unclean domestic environments
c) Improper excreta disposal
d) All of above
38. Alum Dose as a function of Water Source (Lake) is ________ mg/L
a) 16
b) 18
c) 22
d) 29
39. Detention time, t0 , of a Rapid Mix Basin between __________ seconds
a) 10 and 20
b) 10 and 30
c) 30 and 40
d) None
40. For the rapid mix basin, Impeller diameter, Di ® _________ times the tank diameter or width
a) 0.3 - 0.5
b) 0.3 – 0.6
c) 0.35 – 0.6
d) 0.4 – 0.5
41. For the rapid mix basin, Baffles extend ________ of tank diameter or width
a) 5 %
b) 10 %
c) 15 %
d) 20 %
42. Desired properties of a coagulant are:
a) Trivalent cation
b) Non-toxic
c) Insoluble in the neutral pH range
d) All of above
43. Alum when added to water, it dissociates releasing an __________ ion that develops water clusters around it.
a) Aluminum
b) Magnesium
c) Ferric
d) Sulphate
44. In design of Flocculator the Impeller diameter, Di ® ________ times the tank diameter or width.
a) 0.2 – 0.5
b) 0.3 – 0.5
c) 0.35 – 0.55
d) 0.4 – 0.6
45. In design of Flocculator the maximum Impeller diameter could be ________
a) 1 m
b) 1.5 m
c) 3 m
d) 3.5 m
46. Perforated Baffle Design in Horizontal Flow Clarifier is to ___________ the incoming fluid
a) Regulate
b) Distribute
c) Store
d) None
47. Problems in using Stokes Equation are:
a) Particles are not spherical
b) Particle diameter changes with settling
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
48. Purpose of Filtration:
a) Removal of flocs that do not settle in the Clarifier due to small size
b) Reduce settled water turbidity of ~ 5 TU to below 0.3 TU
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
49. The typical depth of Filter is ________
a) 3 feet
b) 6 feet
c) 9 feet
d) 12 feet
50. Common composition of Filter Bed Breakdown:
a) Granular media 2 feet, Sand 6 feet, Course gravel 1 foot
b) Granular media 6 feet, Sand 2 feet, Course gravel 1 foot
c) Granular media 2 feet, Sand 1 feet, Course gravel 6 foot
d) Granular media 2 feet, Sand 1 feet, Course gravel 2 foot
51. Uniformity Coefficient = Ratio of the _____________
a) 50-percentile diameter to the 10-percentile diameter
b) 60-percentile diameter to the 20-percentile diameter
c) 60-percentile diameter to the 30-percentile diameter
d) 60-percentile diameter to the 10-percentile diameter
52. Min. head for firefighting purposes ___________
a) 10 m
b) 20 m
c) 30 m
d) 40 m
53. There is a risk of contamination and pressure fluctuation of mains in __________
a) Direct supply
b) Indirect supply
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
54. __________ can be used for the high rise buildings
a) Direct supply
b) Indirect supply
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
55. Warning pipe has minimum diameter of _______
a) 20 mm
b) 25 mm
c) 30 mm
d) None
56. Recommended Storage Capacities in Domestic Water Supply with sump and pump is ________
a) 125 liters/flat
b) 130 liters/flat
c) 135 liters/flat
d) 140 liters/flat
57. ___________ is the removal of water from a surface or groundwater source for a variety of purposes such as municipal, industrial, or irrigation use.
a) Withdrawal
b) Pumping
c) Suction
d) None
58. In densely populated areas of the country, the most important ________use is maintenance of water quality.
a) In-stream
b) Out stream
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
59. Sufficient ___________ must be available to dilute and transport sewage effluents and other pollutants, as well as to provide habitat for aquatic life.
a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Flow
d) None
60. Depletion of stream flows caused by consumptive off-stream use, is a major problem in ________ zone
a) Arid
b) Semiarid
c) Humid
d) Both (a) and (b)
61. In the US, about ________ of water withdrawals are for irrigation
a) 42%
b) 45%
c) 48%
d) 51%
62. Drip irrigation is used in ________ regions
a) Hot
b) Cold
c) Rainy
d) None
63. Domestic uses take the least water, generally less than _________
a) 5 %
b) 10 %
c) 15 %
d) 18 %
64. The most important in-stream use of water is for________
a) Drinking
b) Clothing
c) Waste dilution
d) All of above
65. The more water present and flowing in a river, the __________ the concentration of pollutants will be, and thus the better water quality will be.
a) Higher
b) Lower
c) Moderate
d) None
66. The major rivers of the world, especially in industrialized countries, carry large amounts of _________
a) Waste water
b) Freight
c) Salt water
d) None
67. Hydroelectricity supplies about ________ of total energy production
a) 4 %
b) 5 %
c) 8 %
d) 11 %
68. One way to classify pollutant __________ is by point versus nonpoint sources
a) Concentration
b) Quantity
c) Discharges
d) None
69. A factory or municipal sewage outfall is a _____________
a) Point source
b) Open source
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
70. Pollutants, such as____________, are produced only by humans
a) Ash
b) Synthetic pesticides
c) Smoke
d) None
71. In summer, lakes commonly develop a ___________
a) Stratification
b) Partitioning
c) Ice on top surface
d) None
72. The absence of oxygen can also cause _________ decomposition of organic matter on the bottom
a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
73. In drinking water, _________ is not a problem
a) Nitrogen
b) Ferric
c) Phosphorus
d) Magnesium
74. By weight, __________ is the largest pollutant in our waters
a) Sediment
b) Microbes
c) Bacteria
d) Virus
75. Hardness is a major indicator of dissolved __________
a) Pollutant
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Minerals
76. ___________, or the emission of particles by decay of certain radioactive substances, is a subject of public concern today.
a) Radiations
b) Radioactivity
c) Sedimentations
d) All of above
77. Groundwater replacement is very _______ process
a) Slow
b) Fast
c) Either (a) or (b)
d) None
78. Drinking-water Quality takes into account the ___________ and concentration that the chemical is detected in drinking-water
a) Frequency
b) Quantity
c) Nature
d) Rest time
79. The __________of water for agriculture and manufacturing, which causes the water table to decline
a) Extraction
b) Over-extraction
c) Pumping
d) None
80. Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are infections caused by ___________ which are transmitted from faeces to ingestion
a) Bacteria
b) Viruses
c) Water
d) Both (a) and (b)
81. The annual incidence of typhoid is estimated to be about _______ million cases worldwide.
a) 16
b) 17
c) 18
d) 19
82. Gvalue for Low turbidity, color removal, coagulation is ___________ s-1
a) 20 -70
b) 50 – 150
c) 130 – 200
d) None
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